Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics Analysis of IEA Economy-Energy-Environment-Society Systems

There is a coupling and coordination relationship among economy, energy, environment and society. Based on samples from 46 IEA countries, a comprehensive evaluation index system of economy-energy-environment-society (3E1S) was constructed, and an improved coupling coordination degree model was used to analyze the temporal and spatial differences of the 3E1S coupling coordination degree. The study found that the overall coupling coordination degree of IEA countries from 2000 to 2020 showed a fluctuating upward trend, between 0.60 and 0.70, which is a primary coordination level. If the 46 countries are further divided into 14 geographical sub-regions, it can be seen that each region shows a random distribution trend in space, and the overall difference is small. However, Northern Europe and Western Europe formed a clear "high-high" clustering effect, which could drive the development of neighboring regions. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of promoting the coordinated development of the 3E1S. It suggests that governments should strengthen policy coordination, foster regional cooperation and experience exchange, encourage innovation and technological development, and enhance monitoring and evaluation of coupling coordination levels.