The Origin and Characteristics of Labor Relations Among University Teachers in the Late Qing Dynasty

The labor relations of modern university teachers originated from the establishment of Imperial University of Peking in the late Qing Dynasty. The position of “listed as official” has laid the foundation for the labor relationship of teachers in universities, and formed the social and economic relationship in which labor, capital and administration interacted with each other with government intervention. Under the restriction of laws and regulations such as the Authorized School Regulation, the legal, economic and social relations of the teachers in the capital university showed a special form of expression in this period. Generally speaking, this period confirmed the embryonic form of modern university teachers’ labor relations, and showed the characteristics of trying to escape bureaucracy, institutionalization, semi-colonial and other barriers.