The Objectivity of Historical Compilation from Different Horizons

Vico liberated history from theology through the dual path of science and human nature; Kant laid the philosophical foundation of objectivity of historical compilation in rational criticism, and pointed out that history should be examined as an object; Hegel proposed that historical object should be self regulated under the control of free will and world spirit. Positivist historiography directly transplants the objectivity of natural science into historiography, which resulted in the tendency of scientific conformity and weakened the subjectivity of historians. Rank advocated "truthful and direct book" in historical compilation, and avoided preconceptions when describing objective historical objects. Collingwood proposed "all history is the history of thought", opposed the interpretation of historical phenomena with universal laws, advocated that the concept of historiographer's subject covers the objectivity, verified the historical facts with the subject, and formed the historical relativism trend of thought that questions the objectivity of historical compilation. In postmodern philosophy, Narration limits historical compilation to text writing, trying to avoid the problem of objectivity. In order to coordinate the conflicts between various theories, Walsh put forward the theory of fusion of horizons and the theory of matching scenes, and limited the scope of horizons. Gadamer regards the compilation of history as an open process of mutual stipulation between the subject of historian and the object of historical facts, breaks the distinction between the subject and the object in historical epistemology, and promotes the deep understanding of objectivity in the fusion of multiple perspectives.