Abstract: In The Communist Manifesto, Marx systematically criticized the fake socialism of the 1840s by using historical analysis, dialectical analysis and class analysis. The three criticism methods criticize the fake socialism with the objectivity of the law of human social development, the inherent negativity of the capitalist social structure, and the class characteristics of the proletariat. Marx did not criticize purely for the sake of criticism, but found the possibility of human liberation in criticism. Historical analysis criticized the false view of history of fake socialism and answered "What is the future and destiny of capitalism?"; dialectical analysis criticized the metaphysics of fake socialism and answered "what is communism roughly?"; The analytical method criticizes the conservatism of fake socialism and answers "How is communism possible?". Therefore, Marx's critique of counterfeit socialism is dual: on the one hand, he criticizes counterfeit socialism built on the basis of capitalist society, and on the other hand, he criticizes the capitalist society parasitized by counterfeit socialism. Today, we are still in the historical era pointed out by Marx, and it is of great practical significance to study the basic method of Marx's criticism of counterfeit socialism.