Abstract: Scientific and reasonable allocation of wind and photovoltaic power consumption quotas is the key to the successful implementation of China's renewable portfolio standard. This paper aims to propose a liability quota scheme for wind and photovoltaic power consumption that balances fairness and efficiency, so as to promote the development of wind and photovoltaic power generation industry and balanced regional economy. Firstly, this paper estimates the total volume of wind and photovoltaic power consumption in China under the target of the proportion of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption in 2025. Secondly, a quata allocation modle of wind and photovoltaic power consumption based on the improved Zero Sum Gain Data Envelopment Analysis (ZSG-DEA) model is constructed. Finally, the GINI coefficient is used to assess the fairness of the allocation scheme. The results show that: (1) China needs to consume 16,473−1,675.9 billion kWh of wind and photovoltaic power in 2025 to achieve the target of non-fossil energy accounting for 20% of primary energy consumption; (2) The wind and photovoltaic power quota scheme proposed in this paper has a higher quota in the southeast coastal region and a smaller quota in the northwest region; (3) The DEA efficiency of each province in the wind and photovoltaic power quota scheme proposed in this paper is 1, and the GINI coefficient of the scheme proposed in this paper is 0.2312. This paper provides a reference for China’s policy makers to scientifically and rationally set the weight of renewable power (excluding hydropower) consumption obligation, and provides a guarantee for the successful implementation of the renewable portfolio standard.