Abstract: "Theory also becomes a material force as soon as it has gripped the masses." Is Marx's classic assertion in exploring the material power of theoretical weapons. This assertion highlights the practical significance of theoretical identification by the proletariat masses, the core is to grasp "man himself", it can be understood as the proletariat. On the basis of this theoretical identification, cultural leadership can be reflected. Gramsci took Marxist theory as the premise of ideological identification, applied Marxist theory in the political activities of the Turin period, and summarized historical experience in the practice, which laid an important ideological foundation for the construction of cultural leadership theory later. However, as far as the general situation of the revolution of the proletariat in Europe in the early 20th century is concerned, it has been shrouded in the shadow of failure, which implies the struggle for cultural leadership. The struggle for cultural leadership is to obtain the identification of the proletariat masses, and Gramsci's theory of cultural leadership is to provide theoretical guidance for this problem, to obtain the approval of the masses and it practice to provide the basis for theoretical identification and related to the future. The ideological resources obtained from Gramsci's historical analysis of cultural leadership can provide theoretical reference for us to construct the cultural leadership, and has theoretical enlightenment and the practical value.