Abstract: The overall goal of national governance modernization in the new era embodies profound historical logic, realistic logic and practical logic. In terms of historical logic, since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's system construction and national governance have gone through initial exploration, innovation and development, and are currently in a period of continuous advancement. The overall goal of national governance modernization is a new deployment based on summarizing past historical experience. In terms of realistic logic, the overall goal of national governance modernization is aligned with the development strategy of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. The proposal of this goal is the inherent need to achieve the goal of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. In terms of practical logic, to achieve the overall goal of national governance modernization, the leadership of the CPC should be the guarantee to lead the the direction of national governance. Institutional innovation should be the basis, and the national governance system should be improved. Besides, the implementation of the system should be the key to optimize the efficiency of national governance.