Abstract: China has proposed "Carbon Peak and Neutrality" to improve the ecological environment and achieve sustainable development. The thermal power industry is undoubtedly an important area to promote energy saving and emission reduction, and it is necessary to measure its environmental efficiency. The concept of new-type thermal power enterprises is proposed from the definition of traditional thermal power enterprises, and an environmental efficiency evaluation system considering carbon emissions is constructed. The US-SBM model and GML index are used to evaluate the environmental efficiency of 15 new thermal power enterprises from static and dynamic perspectives from 2017 to 2021. The results show that the environmental efficiency of the new-type thermal power industry is at a high level but there is still some room for improvement, and with the introduction of "Carbon Peak and Neutrality" as the node, most of the sample enterprises have improved their environmental efficiency and their driving force has gradually changed from technical efficiency to technological progress.