Abstract: The question of "human existence" is an eternal topic in philosophy. Historical materialism highlights its scientific connotation precisely by correctly elaborating on the essence of human beings. Marx theoretically pondered the existence of human beings from the perspectives of reality, essentiality, and development, comprehensively and stereoscopically presenting the content of 'human'. The concept of "real people" is the theoretical growth point of historical materialism, and the effective implementation of this concept forms an examination of social structural and historical issues, which is also the essence of critical theory. Based on the perspective of historical materialism, it can be summarized that Marx's "real human" has three connotations: labor (practice) constitutes the real existence of human beings; social relations confirm the essential existence of human beings; and free time develops a positive human existence. Sorting out the concerns expressed by "real people" in different contexts can help deepen the research of Marxist historical materialism and capital critique theory.