Abstract: Human liberation is not only an ideological movement and value pursuit, but also a realistic and historical social movement. The survival and free development of the real individual is a theoretical focus and an unresolved reality in every era. In “The German Ideology”, Marx and Engels adopted a historically generated approach to analyze the freedom and liberation of human beings in the process of human historical development. Taking the “realistic individual” as the premise and based on the participation and penetration of the autonomous activity of the “realistic individual” into the social structure interwoven by forms of production and interaction, Marx and Engels discusses the dependence of the “realistic individual” on the community at the stage of the natural community. Marx and Engels discusses the dependence and subordination of the “realistic individual” to the community at the stage of the natural community, analyzes the opposition and division between the “realistic individual” and the community within the illusory community under the conditions of capitalism, and then envisages the real unity of the “realistic individual” and the community in the real community in the future. In this way, the mystery of human history can be solved.