Abstract: In recent years, some Chinese universities have begun to explore student participation in internal governance activities. On the whole, the realization of students’ participation rights in the internal governance of universities is in the exploratory stage either in theoretical preparation or specific practice. The research takes the universities directly under the Ministry of Education as the object, and uses questionnaires and interviews to conduct an empirical analysis on the guarantee of students’ participation in the internal governance of universities. The study found that the level of student participation in the internal governance of universities is still very rudimentary. The reasons for insufficient student participation include insufficient convenience conditions, insufficient provision of temporary participation opportunities, and imperfect construction of participation mechanisms. In order to improve the internal governance capability and modernization level of the governance system in universities, it is recommended that universities should establish a student-oriented school philosophy, improve the modern university system, improve the ways for students to participate in governance, create a democratic atmosphere for student participation, and strengthen the protection of information disclosure.