夏朗. “未遂犯-既遂犯”视角下《刑法》第114条与第115条的司法适用[J]. 华北电力大学学报(社会科学版), 2021, 2(6): 67-76. DOI: 10.14092/j.cnki.cn11-3956/c.2021.06.008
引用本文: 夏朗. “未遂犯-既遂犯”视角下《刑法》第114条与第115条的司法适用[J]. 华北电力大学学报(社会科学版), 2021, 2(6): 67-76. DOI: 10.14092/j.cnki.cn11-3956/c.2021.06.008
XIA Lang. Judicial Application of Articles 114 and 115 of the Criminal Law from the Perspective of “Attempted Offense-Accomplished Offense”[J]. JOURNAL OF NORTH CHINA ELECTRIC POWER UNIVERSITY(SOCIAL SCIENCES), 2021, 2(6): 67-76. DOI: 10.14092/j.cnki.cn11-3956/c.2021.06.008
Citation: XIA Lang. Judicial Application of Articles 114 and 115 of the Criminal Law from the Perspective of “Attempted Offense-Accomplished Offense”[J]. JOURNAL OF NORTH CHINA ELECTRIC POWER UNIVERSITY(SOCIAL SCIENCES), 2021, 2(6): 67-76. DOI: 10.14092/j.cnki.cn11-3956/c.2021.06.008

“未遂犯-既遂犯”视角下《刑法》第114条与第115条的司法适用

Judicial Application of Articles 114 and 115 of the Criminal Law from the Perspective of “Attempted Offense-Accomplished Offense”

  • 摘要: 对《刑法》第114条与第115条关系的不同理解,不仅会影响第115条的罪过形式,还会直接决定各种情形下的未遂及中止的法条适用。“基本犯-结果加重犯”解读模式存在难以周全解决的问题,相较之下,“未遂犯-既遂犯”解读模式更为周延。就罪过形式而言,第115条第1款规制的是对具体公共危险与严重实害后果均为故意的情形;第115条第2款规制的是对具体公共危险与严重实害后果均为过失的情形;不存在所谓“对具体公共危险故意而对严重实害后果过失”的情形。就犯罪停止形态而言,第115条第1款是既遂犯·实害犯,存在未遂与中止;第114条属于“既遂犯化的未遂犯”,是被立法拟制为既遂犯的具体危险犯,也存在未遂与中止。就法条适用而言,故意以危险方法造成了具体公共危险但因行为人意志以外的原因未造成严重实害后果的,属于第114条(既遂)与第115条第1款(未遂)的法条竞合,应以作为特别法条的第114条(既遂)论处;造成了具体公共危险但自动有效防止了严重实害后果的,以第115条第1款(中止)论处;未造成具体公共危险但造成了“准抽象公共危险”的,以第114条(未遂)论处。

     

    Abstract: The different understanding of the relationship between Article 114 and Article 115 of the Criminal Law will not only affect the subjective elements of Article 115, but also directly determine the application of the provisions in various situations of attempt and suspension. The interpretation model of "basic offense-aggravated consequential offense" has flaws that cannot be fully resolved. In contrast, the interpretation model of "attempted offense-accomplished offense" has a more comprehensive response. As far as the subjective elements is concerned, paragraph 1 of Article 115 only refers to situations where the concrete potential damage and the actual harm are both intentional, while paragraph 2 of Article 115 refers to the situation where the concrete potential damage and the actual harm are both negligent.The situation of “intentional to the concrete potential damage while negligent for actual harm” does not exist. As far as the form of the stoppage of the crime is concerned, paragraph 1 of Article 115 is an accomplished offense, of course there are attempts and suspensions, while Article 114 is an attempted offense, which is the concrete potential damage offense that has been drafted as the accomplished offense by legislation. Therefore, there are attempts and suspensions as well. As far as the application of the provisons is concerned, if the concrete potential damage is intentionally caused but the actual harm does not occur due to reasons other than the will of the offender, it is the type of lapping of legal provisions with Article 114 (Completed) and paragraph 1 of Article 115 (Attempted), Article 114 (Completed) shall apply; If the concrete potential damage is intentionally caused but the actual harm is prevented by offender willfully, paragraph 1 of Article 115 (Suspended) shall apply; If the act cause the quasi-abstract potential damage rather than the concrete potential damage,Article 114 (Attempted) shall apply.

     

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