Abstract: This paper reviews the decision-making and implementation process of the national economic adjustment and readjustment in the new period, focusing on the role of Chen Yun in the decision-making and implementation of national economic adjustment and readjustment in the new period, and discusses Chen Yun's historical contribution to the thought of "well-off society". The conclusion of this paper is: Chen Yun timely found the mistakes in the impetuous development of the national economy, took the lead in proposing adjustment suggestions to the central government, and promoted the decision-making and implementation of the adjustment and readjustment of the national economy, and successfully led the adjustment and readjustment of the national economy in the new period. This adjustment is of great significance in the economic history of new China. It has created a favorable economic environment for China's Socialist Modernization Drive and reform and opening up. During this period, Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yun supported each other all the time, cooperated with and complemented each other, Deng Xiaoping supported Chen Yun to successfully lead to the adjustment of the national economy, the concept of Chen Yun's economic development promoted Deng Xiaoping to think deeply about the Chinese socialist modernization realistic goals, gradually give up to the goal of "the four modernizations", and put forward the idea of "well-off society".