韩新磊. 合同相对性原则的外部补充与内部缓和[J]. 华北电力大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 1(4): 92-101. DOI: 10.14092/j.cnki.cn11-3956/c.2020.04.011
引用本文: 韩新磊. 合同相对性原则的外部补充与内部缓和[J]. 华北电力大学学报(社会科学版), 2020, 1(4): 92-101. DOI: 10.14092/j.cnki.cn11-3956/c.2020.04.011
HAN Xin-lei. External Complement and Internal Mitigation of the Principle of Contract Relativity[J]. JOURNAL OF NORTH CHINA ELECTRIC POWER UNIVERSITY(SOCIAL SCIENCES), 2020, 1(4): 92-101. DOI: 10.14092/j.cnki.cn11-3956/c.2020.04.011
Citation: HAN Xin-lei. External Complement and Internal Mitigation of the Principle of Contract Relativity[J]. JOURNAL OF NORTH CHINA ELECTRIC POWER UNIVERSITY(SOCIAL SCIENCES), 2020, 1(4): 92-101. DOI: 10.14092/j.cnki.cn11-3956/c.2020.04.011

合同相对性原则的外部补充与内部缓和

External Complement and Internal Mitigation of the Principle of Contract Relativity

  • 摘要: 将合同相对性原则奉为圭臬,是近代以来两大法系的基本坚守。但严格遵守合同相对性原则,不仅有碍交易的便捷,也会增加纠纷解决的诉累。纯粹理性的滥觞与实践理性的呼唤,要求面向社会实际,从合同相对性的严格坚守到例外的承认,诸国立法改革之趋势大体趋于一致。合同的可对抗性原则非全盘否定、排斥合同的相对性,而是作为其外部补充,其对完善合同履行制度、适应债权不可侵性理论思潮、满足不断变化的交易需要具有重要意义;利益第三人合同、债权人的代位权等作为合同相对性原则的内部突破,打破传统合同理论只对当事人具有效力的局限,弥补了严格坚守合同相对性原则的缺憾,直接实现了保护交易安全与实现债权人保护的平衡。外部补充名为“外”,实则是对合同法内在体系的填补,因为其是对合同法基本原则的完善;内部缓和名为“内”,实则是对合同法外在体系的建构,因为其形成完整的合同履行体系具有重要意义。一内一外共同构建起合同相对性原则例外情形的骨骼与灵魂。

     

    Abstract: The principle of contract relativity is regarded as the standard, and it is the basic adherence of the two major legal systems in modern times. However, strict adherence to the principle of contractual relativity not only hinders the convenience of transactions, but also increases the complaints of dispute resolution. The origin of pure reason and the call of practical reason require the social reality, from the strict adherence of contract relativity to the recognition of exceptions, the trend of legislative reform in various countries is generally consistent. The adversarial principle of contract does not completely negate and exclude the relative nature of the contract, but as an external supplement, which is of great significance to perfecting the contract fulfillment system, adapting to the involuntary theoretical thoughts of creditor's rights, and meeting the ever-changing trading needs. The three-person contract and the subrogation of the creditor are the internal breakthroughs of the principle of contract relativity. They break the limitation that the traditional contract theory only has effect on the parties, make up for the shortcomings of strictly adhering to the principle of contractual relativity, and achieve a balance between protecting the transaction security and protection of creditors directly. The external supplement is called “outside”, but in fact it is the filling of the internal system of the contract law, because it is the perfection of the basic principles of the contract law; the internal mitigation is called “inside”, but in reality it is the construction of the external system of the contract law because the formation of a complete contract fulfillment system is of great significance. One inside and one outside together build the bone and soul of the exception of the principle of contract relativity.

     

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