Abstract: The modernization of state governance is essentially a modernization of superstructure. China is advancing the modernization of its state governance system and governance capabilities. In theory, it must adhere to the Marxist state doctrine. In practice, it should focus on major practical issues in state governance and respond to new problems that arise in the new era. Facing the reality of theory and practice, and its own development needs, Engels perfected and supplemented the historical materialism from the aspects of the relationship between economic foundation and superstructure, historical development theory, historical contingency and inevitability. The historical materialism contains rich connotations such as national theory, which provides valuable guidance and enlightenment for the modernization of state governance based on the overall layout of the "five in one" civilization in economy, politics, culture, society, and ecology.