Abstract: The exploration and practice of Lenin in the Russian revolution, according to the backward reality of the old society and its ideology and culture in Russia, Lenin came up with cultural critical thought combined critical orientation in ideology with practical logic in cultural revolution based on Marxism. Lenin's ideological critical thought, showing the religious criticism, moral criticism and philosophical criticism of the old society, was a cultural criticism with revolutionary practical orientation. Lenin's practical logic in the cultural revolution embodied the elimination of cultural obstacles through cultural revolution on the basis of economic revolution and political revolution, thus promoting the revolution of Russian proletariat and the development and progress of Russian society.