Abstract: In the magnificent practice of revolution, construction, and reform, Deng Xiaoping formed a spirit of historical initiative with rich connotations, which is mainly embodied in the spirit of shouldering historical responsibilities, following historical laws, respecting the historical subjectivity of the people, and carrying forward the spirit of forging historical greatness through arduous struggle. Deng Xiaoping also attached great importance to the cultivation of the spirit of historical initiative, and proposed practical paths that mainly include systematically studying Marxist theory, continuously promoting theoretical innovation, fully stimulating the enthusiasm of the people, and vigorously promoting the heroic and fearless revolutionary spirit. Deng Xiaoping's spirit of historical initiative is of great significance for promoting comprehensive deepening of reforms in the new era, enlightening us to adhere to the leadership of the Party, grasp scientific theories, adhere to the people-first principle, and enhance our ability to struggle with the spirit of historical initiative when promoting comprehensive deepening of reforms.