Abstract: The concept of human legal interests in the ecological environment, as a compromise among the three theories of environmental crimes, is not a way to balance the opposition between the human centered legal interests theory and the ecological centered legal interests theory. It has a unique connotation and can guide the interpretation difficulties of current environmental crimes in legislation and justice based on its dual protection of legal interests in the "blocking layer" and "back layer". For example, environmental crimes have unclear interpretive theories in administrative attributes, are difficult to categorize, and are prone to become a collaborative view of ecological environment law, and the abstract dilemma of collective legal interests. Although the compromise theory is only used as a theory, it can be inherited from the discussion of the coexistence of behavioral and consequential offenses in environmental crimes. The dual legal interests concept of "obstruction layer" and "backstage layer" reflected in this theory can be used as the main focus. It can also provide a reasonable level of discussion on the constituent elements of environmental crimes and the connection between administrative illegality and criminal illegality, such as "violating national regulations" and "serious serious environmental pollution". It can also provide a deeper understanding of the structural updating and administrative subordination of environmental crimes.