Abstract: Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization is rich in connotation and profound, shining with dazzling philosophical wisdom. Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization adheres to the materialist monism, accurately captures the problem of unbalanced and insufficient development in a specific historical stage “after development”, reflects the systemic thinking of “harmonious coexistence between man and nature”, and has a solid system. The cage has consolidated the foundation of ecological risk management, and continued to improve people’s well-being while demonstrating the value of a better life. In-depth interpretation of the philosophical background of Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization is not only conducive to promoting comprehensive and systematic research on this important thought, but also promoting the formation of green development methods and lifestyles, promoting the construction of a beautiful China, and realizing the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.