Abstract: Under the backdrop of systematized environmental governance liability, there is an urgent need to establish systematic compensation principles that provide theoretical support for the ecological damage compensation system which has long lacked conceptual guidance. The theoretical limitations and functional rigidity inherent in traditional compensation principles have become increasingly apparent, proving inadequate to meet the governance demands of a systematized liability framework. This necessitates theoretical reconstruction to address the practical requirements of ecological civilization development and judicial activism.The formulation of ecological damage compensation principles should adopt a dynamic perspective to evaluate both qualitative and quantitative dimensions of environmental harm. This approach should integrate multiple value functions including the polluter-pays principle, preventive prioritization, and benefit balancing, thereby forming flexible compensation mechanisms. At the macro level, these principles should facilitate the formation of multi-stakeholder collaborative governance by clarifying liability subjects and connecting remediation pathways. At the micro level, they should promote the implementation of environmental governance responsibility systems through refined compensation criteria and coordinated compensation mechanisms.