Abstract: Firstly, this paper analyzes the strategic considerations of energy transition in the context of the global carbon neutrality trend and China's dual carbon commitments, and expounds the evolution of the role of coal power and the opportunities and challenges of new energy development. Secondly, the theoretical basis of the flexibility transformation of coal power, the theoretical basis of the synergy between coal power and new energy, and the theoretical support of policy guidance and market mechanism are deeply discussed. According to the particularity of Northwest China, the energy resource endowment, power system supply and demand balance strategy and ecological environment constraints were analyzed. Then, it points out the technical bottlenecks and high costs, insufficient economic incentives and low investment intentions, and the dual pressures of safety and environmental protection, as well as the technical obstacles to the integration of new energy into the grid, the imperfect market mechanism, and the problems of inter-regional resource allocation and interest coordination. Finally, the countermeasures such as strengthening technological innovation and cost control, improving market mechanism and incentive policies, and strengthening policy guidance and institutional guarantee are proposed, aiming to promote the green and low-carbon transformation of the energy system in Northwest China and achieve the sustainable development goals.