Abstract: Against the backdrop of the modernity crisis triggered by capital-dominated old globalization amid the de-globalization wave, this paper reconstructs the theoretical system of the concept of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind from a philosophical dimension. Firstly, it breaks through the limitations of instrumental interpretation, demonstrates the theoretical necessity of its positioning as a philosophical concept, and elevates the research paradigm from instrumental explanation to philosophical construction. Secondly, it transcends the constraints of geographical isolation and class narrative, and establishes a universal philosophical paradigm shared by all humanity through triple transcendence of nation-state boundaries, ideological confrontations, and civilizational hegemony. Finally, rooted in the historical trend of the collapse of capital subjectivity and the awakening of publicity, this paper expounds the generation logic of its expression as a Marxist philosophy of publicity in the new era, and realizes the paradigm shift of human civilization from "capital subjectivity" to "human subjectivity". This concept reconstructs ontology with "symbiotic existence", resets methodology with "win-win cooperation", and establishes axiology with "all-round development of human beings", thus completing its philosophical transformation, laying a philosophical foundation for the construction of a new form of human civilization, and demonstrating the theoretical innovation of Marxism in the 21st century.