夫妻共同财产直播打赏的合同定性与返还规则

Contract Characterization and Restitution Rules for Live-Streaming Tipping with Marital Community Property

  • 摘要: 在打赏礼物行为中,用户与主播成立网络直播服务合同。影响合同效力的重要因素是用户与主播是否存在不正当男女关系。不正当男女关系的认定,应从两个方面判断:一是双方是否存在男女关系,二是该男女关系是否具有不正当性。认定用户与主播之间存在不正当男女关系时,两者之间的网络直播服务合同因违反公序良俗而无效,此时主播应返还用户打赏财产。即使用户与主播之间的网络直播服务合同有效,打赏财产是否发生所有权转移,应以打赏财产是否属于夫妻共同财产、是否“明显超出家庭一般消费水平”为判断标准:未超出该标准的,为有权处分,主播可获得打赏财产所有权;超出该标准的,主播只有在善意且直播表演构成合理对价时,才可适用善意取得制度取得所有权。在主播返还客体的问题上,主播不能以用户打赏的虚拟礼物为返还客体,而应以虚拟货币或现金为返还客体。在主播返还数额的问题上,合同被认定无效时,应当全额返还;合同被认定有效但用户打赏明显超出家庭一般消费水平、主播不构成善意取得时,原则上应当全额返还,但法官也可能扣除主播的正常直播服务对价,或者考虑到打赏人配偶对损失扩大有过失而判决酌情返还。

     

    Abstract: In the act of tipping gifts during live streaming, a live streaming service contract is formed between the user and the streamer. A critical factor affecting the validity of this contract is whether an improper relationship exists between the user and the streamer. The determination of such an improper relationship should be made from two aspects: first, whether a personal relationship exists between the parties; and second, whether that relationship is improper in nature. When it is determined that an improper relationship exists between the user and the streamer, the live streaming service contract between them is void for being contrary to public policy, and the streamer shall return the tipped property to the user. Even if the contract between the user and the streamer is valid, whether ownership of the tipped property is transferred should be determined by whether the tipped property constitutes community property and whether it "obviously exceeds the ordinary consumption level of the household." If it does not exceed that threshold, the disposition is authorised, and the streamer may acquire ownership of the tipped property. If it exceeds that threshold, the streamer may acquire ownership through the doctrine of bona fide acquisition only if the streamer acted in good faith and the live performance provided constituted reasonable consideration.As to the object of restitution, the streamer cannot return the virtual gifts tipped by the user; instead, restitution should be made in virtual currency or cash. As to the amount of restitution, when the contract is held void, full restitution shall be made; when the contract is held valid but the streamer does not meet the conditions for bona fide acquisition, full restitution is generally required in principle, but the court may deduct the ordinary consideration for the streamer's live streaming services, or may order partial restitution at its discretion if taking into account the negligence of the tipper’s spouse in aggravating the loss.

     

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