Abstract: In the big era, consumer personal information protection faces intermittent challenges from technology, law, and commercial interests, including challenges such as personal information protection technology, updates to traditional personal information protection frameworks, and supplementary data caused by commercial interests. In the face of these challenges, the existing protection mechanisms have failed punishment mechanisms and the cost of violating the law has been inverted. To balance the optimization path of data value development and consumer personal information protection, a three-dimensional governance framework of "institutional innovation- technical empowerment-harmonious co-governance" should be constructed to achieve a dynamic balance of safe, controllable and efficient utilization of data elements and promote the standardized development of the digital economy.