Abstract: Energy security, as an important part of the national security system, is related to the survival and development of human beings, related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and plays a fundamental role in the overall national security. It is of great significance to accelerate the construction of a sound legal system for national energy security. After decades of development, China has made some achievements in the construction of the energy security legal system. However, according to the holistic approach to national security, the construction of the rule of law in the energy field is still preliminary, and there is a big gap in the concept of the rule of law, the construction of the legal system, the practice of the rule of law and international cooperation. To establish a modern legal system for energy security, we must follow the guidance of the holistic approach to national security, establish advanced concepts of the rule of law, strive to improve the domestic legal system for energy security, the rule of law for energy security, and the legal system for international cooperation on energy security, and build a good line of defense for overall security in the energy sector.