Abstract: The discourse system of common prosperity is a systematic presentation of the collective ideological consciousness and action of the Chinese nation. Based on a symbolic perspective, this paper deeply analyzes the multiple aspects of constructing the discourse system of common prosperity, which has certain promotion and supplementary value for telling the story of China's common prosperity well and overcoming the discourse deficit in the international public opinion field. From the perspective of symbolic concepts, human development transcends the allocation of "things" and is a shift in the focus of promoting common prosperity. To construct a solid discourse system for promoting common prosperity, it is necessary to replace theoretical discourse with everyday discourse and consciously create a "text image" integrated narrative approach. In terms of symbolic categories, the deep integration of "tradition modernity" is a confirmation of the localization of common prosperity. Constructing a discourse system for common prosperity requires promoting the concretization of vague cognition and the flexible application of linear and nonlinear interactive narratives. In terms of symbolic expression, the construction of the discourse system for common prosperity requires the integration of discourse expression levels, expression functions, and discourse expression patterns, with a focus on the organic unity of basic discourse and core discourse, the coordinated linkage between target discourse and principle discourse, and the integration of value discourse and institutional discourse.