Abstract: The current legal safeguard pathways for emerging productive forces have not fully uncovered their connotation, necessitating the construction of a comprehensive legal protection system based on their ecological essence. Three aspects—namely the intrinsic alignment between emerging productive forces and environmental law, the role of environmental law as a crucial safeguard for their development, and the mutual shaping potential between the two—justify the legitimacy of environmental law in safeguarding emerging productive forces. The normative approach of environmental law should be guided by the concept of green development, optimize the market-oriented allocation of environmental resources, and integrate to form a collaborative governance paradigm. To effectively address the contemporary demands of emerging productive forces, environmental law should evolve into developmental, coordinated, and incentive-oriented forms, continuously driving the transformation and upgrading of environmental legal systems.