Abstract: The concept of " Harmony between man and nature" is the crystallised ideas based on Marxist reflection and transcendence of the development model of Western industrial civilization.From Marxist, the examination of the relationship between man and nature cannot remain at the level of the immediacy, or else we will either be held hostage by instrumental rational thinking and see nature as a resource field for human consumption, or we will be coloured by the fog of abstraction and sink into the ideological quagmire of simply rejecting modern industrial civilisation.Therefore, only by a deeper examination involved to the socio-historical level, can the understanding of "building a modernization where men and nature coexist in harmony" be raised to the historical dimension of human civilization development,can the intrinsic connection between Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization and the logic of Marx's thought and the height of innovation to Marxist theory be deeply understood. It will further enable us to understand the sense of "community" embedded in both "a community of life for man and nature" and "jointly build a community with a shared future for mankind", to broaden the realistic approach of contemporary society towards modernisation and deepen the understanding of the laws of human social development.