Abstract: The thought of ecological civilization is not only the awakening of human natural consciousness, but also the return of human rationality. It is the consciousness of sustainable development that human civilization breaks through the barriers of material desire and takes care of the relationship between man and nature with human wisdom. Anthropocentrism holds that human biological instinct drives human beings to grab ecological resources for their own interests, and natural selection also makes it impossible for human beings to give up human individual interests for the overall interests of the ecosystem, but this is not all human beings. Agricultural civilization is to meet the material desire of human existence, industrial civilization is to meet the material desire of human enjoyment, while ecological civilization is to meet the rational choice of human sustainable development.The road of ecological civilization development created by the thought of socialist ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics is the road of human sustainable development of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.