Abstract: As the safety net of people's life and the stabilizer of social operation, the development and evolution of the social security system has always been closely related to the "State". The duties and functions of the state in the construction and development of modern social security system are universal, and the social security model formed by the developed countries in the West by giving full play to the role of the state in their local conditions is intrinsically reasonable. Its useful practice of using national power to design and build a social security system is an inspiration for China in the new era to improve a multi-level social security system . To optimize China's social security system in the new era, it is necessary to give full play to the role of national legislation to improve relevant laws and regulations and promote the development of social security under the rule of law, to give full play to the role of national administrative regulation and promote the steady improvement of social security level, to give full play to the advantages of the socialist system and promote the development of the construction of a multi-level social security system, to deepen the reform of the operation and supervision system and mechanism, and promote the optimization of social security implementation.