Abstract: Education is a fundamental task for the country and the party. The fundamental issue of education is who and how to train and to what end. The determination of the fundamental issue of education in China has its own theoretical logic, which is based on the essential attribution of talent cultivating and is related to the political and social attributes of education. The issues of who and how to train and to what end are interrelated and supported by each other, forming a strict system of logic with a basic and original position. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core has adhered to the Marxism educational theory and forming the basic ideas and essential requirements and times' answer to the fundamental issues of education closely connecting with Chinese reality. It put forward a series of new concepts, new ideas, and new strategies, which have pointed out the direction and provided fundamental guidance for promoting Chinese education modernization and building a powerful country in education.