“先宾后补”是唯一合法的语序吗?兼论词库与句法的关系

Is ‘Object-before-complement’ the Only Acceptable Order in Chinese? With a Comment on the Relationship Between Lexicon and Syntax

  • 摘要: 邓思颖(2010)认为现代汉语中宾语和补语同时出现时唯一合法的语序是“先宾后补”,这与传统语法的结论相违背。句法变换的形式证据说明,属于一个复合词的宾语前的动补结构本质上不是一个词项,而是一个短语结构。当代生成语法中简化句法规则同时扩充词库的词汇主义观点过于发达,导致词库的生成能力过于强大。从理论上来说这不符合生物语言学的事实,从实践上来说不能充分地对具体语言的语法进行描写。所以,在简化句法运算规则的同时,应当注意尽量限制词库的生成能力。

     

    Abstract: According to Tang (2010), in Chinese, when object and complement appear at the same time, the only acceptable order is ‘verb-object-complement’, which is not consistent with the view of traditional grammar. Based on the evidences of syntactic transformations, this article points out that the verb-complement forms before objects are actually nothing but phrases. Furthermore, this paper suggestes that the lexicalist view of simplifying syntactic rules and expanding lexicon in contemporary go beyond the limit, which lead to the over-strong generative capability of lexicon. On one hand, this is not consistent with the facts of biolinguistics, and on the other hand, one cannot adequately describe the grammar of a specific language using this framework. Therefore, while simplifying the rules of syntactic operation, we should limit the generative capability of lexicon at the same time.

     

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