Abstract: Modern China includes the mainland and three Special Administrative Regions, HongKong, Taiwan and Macao, where language uses are diversified and dynamic. In multilingual societies, each language variety has its own function and all the languages are dynamically stratified, thus, individual identity construction and ethnic identity recognition should be given extra attention. To guarantee the balance of language ecology, language policies in modern China are made in accordance with local conditions, following the principles of respecting each language variety and inheriting the traditions. Nowadays, with the acceleration of globalization and economic development, language uses in modern China become more complicated, and it is necessary for schools to carry out bilingual or multilingual education policies.