Abstract: The unbalanced problem in China's economic development reflects the prominent differentiation phenomenon on the growth of farmers' income. The differentiation phenomenon of the growth of farmers' income is obvious among farmers' families within the rural society, between rural residents' families and urban residents' families, and between farmers' families in different regions. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the balanced and sustained rapid growth of farmers' income on the premise of adhering to the fundamental principle of common prosperity, the basic principle of minimum guarantee and the order principle of differential order pattern. In farmers' income growth and differentiation phenomenon needs to promote system reforms including professional farmers cultivating system, reforming the land system, and perfecting the social security system. These three aspects of institutional reform increase the land farmers farming income, expand the property into the city farmers net income sources and improve public transfer income of low-income farmers in order to promote balanced, stable and rapid growth in income of farmers within groups, farmers and citizens, and regional farmers.