Abstract: The content of Marx's social revolution theory is rich, which is deeply reflected in the discussion of human liberation, social law and productivity socialization. The analysis of Marx's social revolution theory from these three perspectives can help understand the regularity and purpose of human social development. Marx's theory of social revolution shows profound historical enlightenment: First, social revolution is the inevitable requirement of human liberation; Secondly, social revolution is an inevitable link in the development of social laws; Thirdly, social revolution takes the development of social productive forces as an inevitable condition. Socialism with Chinese characteristics is not only the historical achievement of Chinese social revolution, but also the contemporary continuation. It is of great theoretical significance to deeply explore the historical connotation of Marx's social revolution theory for understanding the characteristics of Chinese social revolution and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.