Abstract: With the continuous development of China's economy and the continuous improvement of its comprehensive national strength, and the number of citizens outside China increases rapidly. At present, China has formed a relatively complete set of overseas Chinese citizen rights and interests protection mechanism, but compared with the practice of western developed countries, China still has a gap in the concept of maintenance, diplomatic investment and maintenance mechanism. At the same time, the international situation is constantly changing. On the one hand, the security situation of the international community is more serious; on the other hand, the traditional rules of international law will continue to be challenged. In order to protect the rights and interests of overseas Chinese citizens as much as possible, in safeguarding the rights and interests of overseas Chinese citizens, China should speed up the transformation of ideas, promote the transformation of government functions, adjust the strategic layout, perfect the protection mechanism, strengthen international exchanges and cooperation, comprehensively promote the diplomacy of major countries with Chinese characteristics, and promote the reform of the global governance system.