Abstract: Starting from the basic contradictions of society, Marxist social revolution theory deeply analyzes the root causes of social revolution, clarifies the main body and leading force of social revolution, and points out a realistic path for the ultimate liberation of all mankind. As a scientific theory, Marxist social revolution theory is constantly innovating and developing along with the times, but Marx and Engels and their successors have suffered various criticisms in the process of constantly enriching the social revolution theory. In order to correctly grasp the Marxist theory of social revolution and effectively respond to the condemnation of the Marxist theory of social revolution, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between social and political revolutions, parliamentary struggle strategies and violent revolutionary roads, the theory of victory for one country and the theory of simultaneous victory for multiple countries, social revolution and cultural revolutions.