Abstract: With the development of technology and science, is “solid waste” wastes or resources? The definition of “solid waste” affects the scope of legal regulation on it. The transformation of the Chinese solid waste import system from “need” to “control” then to “ban” is necessary for economic development, ecological environment, and social factors, while it also brings challenges to industrial transformation, institutional construction, and risks of public opinion, etc. Industrial upgrading requires improving waste recycling from the source and driving industrial development with green consumption. Trade disputes shall be resolved by scientific demonstration and the legalization of waste recycle concurrently. Dissolving domestic and overseas public opinion risks requires improving public participation in public governance and strengthening the guidance capabilities of external communication.