Abstract: This paper studies the urban human settlements from the perspective of mismatch, and introduces the ecological health distance model into the study of urban human settlements, in order to provide a new perspective and reference for human settlements science. In this paper, 104 cities of China's top ten urban agglomerations are taken as the research objects, and we use entropy method, health distance model and ArcGIS software to study the mismatch of human settlements in China's top ten urban agglomerations and their cities from 2013 to 2017. The results show that, Firstly, the degree of mismatch between urban agglomerations and their living environment is on the rise, but the degree of mismatch is not on the rise in an equal proportion. Secondly, the degree of mismatch between urban agglomerations presents a spatial pattern of "high in the East, low in the Middle and West", and the developed cities in the East should pay more attention to the optimization of living environment. Thirdly, there are great differences between urban agglomerations and their cities in the degree of mismatch of human settlements, with obvious regional heterogeneity. Fourthly, compared with the social and economic environment, we should pay more attention to the improvement of urban ecological environment. In order to reduce the mismatch of human settlements, we should strengthen the governance of human settlements, speed up the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, promote the construction of public infrastructure and improve the level of cooperative governance of urban agglomerations.